Toxoplasmosis: Maternal, Pediatric, and Ocular – Need for a Change in Prevalence

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a common intracellular protozoan parasites of human and animals. Certain individuals are at high risk of infection that includes, congenitally, fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis (TE), and chorioretinitis has been described T.gondii infects herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous animals. The sexual cycle of the parasites takes place in the small bowl of members of cat family. Infection in humans through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat or ingestion of contaminated water, food or vegetables Acute infection is diagnosed by isolation of T.gondii or amplification of its DNA in blood or body fluids; demonstration of tachyozoite by histologic ,cytologic methods and by serologic tests results. Treatment of toxoplasmosis is mainly by pyrimethamine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and spiramycin used in pregnant women, dosing and dosing regimen may not be the same in different clinical entities.